Histogram
A histogram is an approximate representation of the distribution of numerical data. The term was first introduced by Karl Pearson.
Histograms are sometimes confused with bar charts. A histogram is used for continuous data, where the bins represent ranges of data, while a bar chart is a plot of categorical variables. Some authors recommend that bar charts have gaps between the rectangles to clarify the distinction.
(Wikipedia contributors, 2022)
To construct a histogram, the first step is to “bin” (or “bucket”) the range of values—that is, divide the entire range of values into a series of intervals—and then count how many values fall into each interval. The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be adjacent and are often (but not required to be) of equal size.
(Wikipedia contributors, 2022)
The intervals in the frequency distribution are known as classes, and the number of observations in each class is known as frequency.
(Donnelly and Abdel-Raouf, 2016)
A frequency distribution is a table with two columns: One column has the classes for the variable of interest and the second column has the frequency in each class.
Relative frequency distributions display the percentage of observations in each class relative to the total number of observations. The percentages are called relative frequencies.
The cumulative frequency distribution displays the number of observations that are less than or equal to the current class. In other words, it sums the frequency in the current class and the frequencies in the previous classes.
(Donnelly and Abdel-Raouf, 2016)
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